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 How The Coronavirus Attacks Your Lungs
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Description:

The new coronavirus packs a devastating punch. It penetrates deep into 

your lungs,causing our immune cells to go haywire and damage tiny air 

sacs – the alveoli where oxygen normally flows into our blood. 

 

Transcription:

Hi, It¡¯s Laura. We know this is a hard time. Deep Look¡¯s here for you.

We have tons of resources about this pandemic to share. More after the 

episode.Viruses have lived on Earth for billions of years, mutating and 

adapting.They've been around longer than animals, longer than plants. 

They¡¯re neither dead nor alive. They¡¯re active inside a living thing, 

powerless out in the open, but rise again in another host. 

Their goal is simple: to persist.They infect our cells, then replicate and 

spread. Smallpox. AIDS. Polio.These are just some of the diseases caused 

by viruses that have ravaged humankind. Now we¡¯re facing a new 

disease: COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus.Our bodies and communities 

are struggling to fight back. An individual virus particle,or virion, is invisible to 

our naked eye. It takes roughly a thousand coronavirus particles to span the 

width of a human hair. It travels lightly: A virus is just genetic material wrapped

in a layer of protein and fat ¡¦ spreading through the air in moisture

droplets ¡¦or on surfaces ¡¦ finding its way into our eyes, noses and mouths.

Inside, the coronavirus hijacks the cells in the back of our nose, replicating and 

spreading downward – infecting healthy cells along the way. Some viruses,

like ones that cause the common cold, infect our nose and throat. Others can 

cause viral pneumonia – that usually infects smaller areas of just one lung. 

The coronavirus packs a vicious double punch: it can infect the entire respiratory 

system¡¦ all the way down to millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli.

Here is a single,healthy alveolus. Right next to it, there¡¯s a thin blood vessel: 

a capillary.This is where one of our most life-sustaining exchanges 

happens: the alveolus brings oxygen into the bloodstream and excretes 

carbon dioxide. But the virus disrupts this whole process. This immune cell,

a macrophage, attacks it.Sometimes it defeats the virus. If our body needs 

more help, it recruits more immune cells – like these neutrophils. 

While they¡¯re attacking the virus, they can end up injuring the alveolus,

too ¡¦ breaking down its walls. Fluid rushes from the blood vessels into the 

alveolus ... filling it up and blocking the exchange of oxygen.

Now it¡¯s much harder to breathe. It's ultimately this two-pronged attack that 

makes the coronavirus so deadly: the attack from the virus, and our immune 

system¡¯s explosive response. All this can lead to acute respiratory distress 

syndrome –what most people with COVID-19 die from. Viruses don¡¯t benefit 

from wiping out their hosts. They rely on us, so they can exist.

To ultimately beat this coronavirus,we¡¯ll need an antiviral medication or immunity

through a vaccine. The impact from this pandemic has been devastating.

But we can learn from it, so we can stay a step ahead of the next one ¡¦

because there are almost certainly more to come. 

 

Questions: 

1. How long have viruses lived on earth? What are their goals?

2. Enumerate the some of the diseases caused by viruses that ravaged humankind. 

    What new disease are we facing now?

3. Explain how the coronavirus attacks your lungs.

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2020-11-25 ¿ÀÈÄ 12:30:02
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